Tissue culture Technology

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar.

On the basis of that 1902 address and his pioneering experimentation before and later, Haberlandt is justifiably recognized as the father of plant tissue culture. Other studies led to the culture of isolated root tips

Tissue culture, a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a single cell, a population of cells, or a whole or part of an organ.

Tissue culture techniques are often used for commercial production of plants as well as for plant research. Tissue culture involves the use of small pieces of plant tissue (explants) which are cultured in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions.

​Different Types of Tissue Culture Processes

• Meristem culture. Apical meristem from angiosperm and gymnosperm shoots. are cultured to produce plants that are largely free from disease and contamination.
• Callus culture.
• Bud culture.
• Anther culture.
• Cell suspension culture.

Steps in plant tissue culture

• STAGE 1: Initiation phase. The initiation phase is the first phase of tissue culture.
• STAGE 2: Multiplication stage.
• STAGE 3: Root formation.
• General procedure for plant tissue culture:
• Medium preparation.
• Plant preparation.
• Transferring the plant material to a tissue culture medium.
• Technique for Plant in Vitro Culture.

Organ culture: an isolated organ is grown in vitro. Different types can be distinguished e.g. meristem culture, shoot-tip culture, root culture, anther culture, etc. Often a part (tissue mass, organ) which has been isolated from a plant is referred to as an explant and the culture of this is an explant culture.

The plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are critical for plant regeneration in tissue culture, with cytokinin playing an instrumental role in shoot organogenesis.

A tissue culture typically takes 10-14 weeks, beginning with clipping very small leaf, stem and root samples to obtain cells and then letting them establish themselves in a nutrient mix, where they eventually multiply. Those cells grow into leaves and stems without roots.

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Regards,
Nicola B
Editorial Team
Journal of  Biochemistry and Biotechnology