Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is when your parathyroid glands create too much parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream. These glands, located behind the thyroid at the bottom of your neck, are about the size of a grain of rice. The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone.

The most common symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are chronic fatigue, body aches, difficulty sleeping, bone pain, memory loss, poor concentration, depression, and headaches. Parathyroid disease also frequently leads to osteoporosis, kidney stones, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and kidney failure.

Parathyroid Disease Symptoms

• A lump in the neck.
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing.
• Muscle weakness.
• Sudden increase in blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia)
• Fatigue, drowsiness.
• Urinating more than usual, which may cause you to be dehydrated and very thirsty.
• Bone pain and broken bones.
• Kidney stones

In hyperparathyroidism, one or more of your parathyroid glands becomes overactive and makes excess PTH. This could be due to a tumor, gland enlargement, or other structural problems of the parathyroid glands. When your calcium levels are too low, your parathyroid glands respond by increasing the production of PTH.

Hyperparathyroidism is usually diagnosed with routine blood tests measuring the levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and related minerals. Other possible tests and scans include: Urine Tests: Analyzing the urine during a 24-hour window can determine how much calcium the body is excreting.

Hyperparathyroidism patients sometimes experience chronic fatigue, which makes them less active and more prone to weight gain. Conversely, if a parathyroid tumor is removed, the body is better equipped than ever before to maintain consistent calcium levels.

Other times it can go 10 years without causing too much problems other than fatigue, bad memory, kidney stones, and osteoporosis. But make no mistake about it, hyperparathyroidism kills people--it just takes 20 or so years to do so.

Surgery. Surgery is the most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism and provides a cure in most cases. A surgeon will remove only those glands that are enlarged or have a tumor.

With too much calcium, the delicate balance is upset, and things slow down. Our mood is depressed. Synapses (connections between nerves) don't fire like they used to. The high blood calcium causes energy to fall, memory and concentration to fade.

If you have mild hyperparathyroidism (no symptoms, blood calcium levels only slightly elevated), your healthcare provider may not choose to treat it right away. Instead, your provider will monitor your blood calcium levels (every six months), blood pressure (every six months), kidney function (every year), and bone density (every one to three years).

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Regards,
Nicola B
Editorial Team
Journal of  Biochemistry and Biotechnology