Bioreactor

A bioreactor refers to any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms.

De Beeze and Liebmann (1944) used the first large scale (above 20 litre capacity) fermentor for the production of yeast. But it was during the first world war, a British scientist named Chain Weizmann (1914-1918) developed a fermentor for the production of acetone.

An apparatus for growing organisms (yeast, bacteria, or animal cells) under controlled conditions. Used in industrial processes to produce pharmaceuticals, vaccines, or antibodies. Also used to convert raw materials into useful by products such as in the bioconversion of corn into ethanol.

There are many different types of bioreactors including: stirred-tank, rocker, air lift and fixed-bed. Traditional multiple-use bioreactors require cleaning after each cell culture run. Smaller-scale bioreactors are glass systems and can be sterilized in an autoclave.

Bioreactor consists of a buried trench with woodchips through which the tile water flows before entering a surface water body. Microorganisms from the soil colonize the woodchips. These microorganisms "eat" the carbon from the woodchips and "breathe" the nitrate from the water.

Bioreactor design is a relatively complex engineering task, which is studied in the discipline of biochemical/bioprocess engineering. Under optimum conditions, the microorganisms or cells are able to perform their desired function with limited production of impurities.

Bioreactors work well in biomes where organic matter is plentiful, such as Kelp Forests or Mushroom Forests, where Solar Panels may be less efficient. It is also easy to supply a Bioreactor with fuel if one keeps an Exterior Growbed, Interior Growbed or Alien Containment full of fish nearby.

The biological systems involved include enzymes, microorganisms, animal cells, plant cells, and tissues. The bioreactor is a place where an optimum external environment is provided to meet the needs of the biological reaction system so that a high yield of the bioprocess is achieved. Obviously, there are complicated interactions between the biological system and the physical and chemical aspects of this process. To design an appropriate bioreactor for a particular bioprocess, intensive studies on the biological system, such as cell growth and metabolism, genetic manipulation, and protein or other product expression are needed to understand the cells’ requirement on their physical and chemical environment. They are systems or devices that supports a biologically active environment. They are vessels in which a chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. They can be either aerobic or anaerobic. They are commonly cylindrical, ranging in size from liters to cubic meters, and are often made of stainless steel. They supply a homogeneous (same throughout) environment by constantly stirring the contents. They give the cells a controlled environment by ensuring the same temperature, pH, and oxygen levels.

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Nicola B
Editorial Team
Journal of  Biochemistry and Biotechnology